termiox(7)

termiox -- extended general terminal interface

Description

The extended general terminal interface supplements the termio(7) general terminal interface by adding support for asynchronous hardware flow control, isochronous flow control and clock modes, and local implementations of additional asynchronous features. Some systems may not support all of these capabilities because of either hardware or software limitations. Other systems may not permit certain functions to be disabled. In these cases the appropriate bits will be ignored. See termiox.h for your system to find out which capabilities are supported.

Hardware flow control modes

Hardware flow control supplements the termio(7) IXON, IXOFF, and IXANY character flow control. Character flow control occurs when one device controls the data transfer of another device by the insertion of control characters in the data stream between devices. Hardware flow control occurs when one device controls the data transfer of another device using electrical control signals on wires (circuits) of the asynchronous interface. Isochronous hardware flow control occurs when one device controls the data transfer of another device by asserting or removing the transmit clock signals of that device. Character flow control and hardware flow control may be simultaneously set.

In asynchronous, full duplex applications, the use of the Electronic Industries Association's EIA-232-D Request To Send (RTS) and Clear To Send (CTS) circuits is the preferred method of hardware flow control. An interface to other hardware flow control methods is included to provide a standard interface to these existing methods.

The EIA-232-D standard specified only uni-directional hardware flow control - the Data Circuit-terminating Equipment or Data Communications Equipment (DCE) indicates to the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) to stop transmitting data. The termiox interface allows both uni-directional and bi-directional hardware flow control; when bi-directional flow control is enabled, either the DCE or DTE can indicate to each other to stop transmitting data across the interface. Note: It is assumed that the asynchronous port is configured as a DTE. If the connected device is also a DTE and not a DCE, then DTE to DTE (for example, terminal or printer connected to computer) hardware flow control is possible by using a null modem to interconnect the appropriate data and control circuits.

Clock modes

Isochronous communication is a variation of asynchronous communication whereby two communicating devices may provide transmit and/or receive clock to each other. Incoming clock signals can be taken from the baud rate generator on the local isochronous port controller, from CCITT V.24 circuit 114, Transmitter Signal Element Timing - DCE source (EIA-232-D pin 15), or from CCITT V.24 circuit 115, Receiver Signal Element Timing - DCE source (EIA-232-D pin 17). Outgoing clock signals can be sent on CCITT V.24 circuit 113, Transmitter Signal Element Timing - DTE source (EIA-232-D pin 24), on CCITT V.24 circuit 128, Receiver Signal Element Timing - DTE source (no EIA-232-D pin), or not sent at all.

In terms of clock modes, traditional asynchronous communication is implemented simply by using the local baud rate generator as the incoming transmit and receive clock source and not outputting any clock signals.

Terminal parameters

The parameters that control the behavior of devices providing the termiox interface are specified by the termiox structure, defined in the sys/termiox.h header file. Several ioctl(2) system calls that fetch or change these parameters use this structure: 
   #define	NFF	5
   struct	termiox {
      unsigned short   x_hflag;     /* hardware flow control
                                       modes */
      unsigned short   x_cflag;     /* clock modes */
      unsigned short   x_rflag[NFF];/* reserved modes */
      unsigned short   x_sflag;     /* spare local modes */
   };
The x_hflag field describes hardware flow control modes:

RTSXOFF 0000001 Enable RTS hardware flow control on input.
CTSXON 0000002 Enable CTS hardware flow control on output.
DTRXOFF 0000004 Enable DTR hardware flow control on input.
CDXON 0000010 Enable CD hardware flow control on output.
ISXOFF 0000020 Enable isochronous hardware flow control on input. 

 +--------+---------+---------------------+
 |RTSXOFF | 0000001 | Enable RTS hardware |
 |        |         | flow control on     |
 |        |         | input.              |
 +--------+---------+---------------------+
 |CTSXON  | 0000002 | Enable CTS hardware |
 |        |         | flow control on     |
 |        |         | output.             |
 +--------+---------+---------------------+
 |DTRXOFF | 0000004 | Enable DTR hardware |
 |        |         | flow control on     |
 |        |         | input.              |
 +--------+---------+---------------------+
 |CDXON   | 0000010 | Enable CD hardware  |
 |        |         | flow control on     |
 |        |         | output.             |
 +--------+---------+---------------------+
 |ISXOFF  | 0000020 | Enable isochronous  |
 |        |         | hardware flow       |
 |        |         | control on input.   |
 +--------+---------+---------------------+
The EIA-232-D DTR and CD circuits are used to establish a connection between two systems. The RTS circuit is also used to establish a connection with a modem. Thus, both DTR and RTS are activated when an asynchronous port is opened. If DTR is used for hardware flow control, then RTS must be used for connectivity. If CD is used for hardware flow control, then CTS must be used for connectivity. Thus, RTS and DTR (or CTS and CD) cannot both be used for hardware flow control at the same time. Other mutual exclusions may apply, such as the simultaneous setting of the termio(7) HUPCL and DTRXOFF bits, which use the DTE ready line for different functions.

Variations of different hardware flow control methods may be selected by setting the appropriate bits. For example, bi-directional RTS/CTS flow control is selected by setting both the RTSXOFF and CTSXON bits and bi-directional DTR/CTS flow control is selected by setting both the DTRXOFF and CTSXON. Modem control or uni-directional CTS hardware flow control is selected by setting only the CTSXON bit.

As previously mentioned, it is assumed that the local asynchronous port (for example, computer) is configured as a DTE. If the connected device (for example, printer) is also a DTE, it is assumed that the device is connected to the computer's asynchronous port via a null modem that swaps control circuits (typically RTS and CTS). The connected DTE drives RTS and the null modem swaps RTS and CTS so that the remote RTS is received as CTS by the local DTE. In the case that CTSXON is set for hardware flow control, printer's lowering of its RTS would cause CTS seen by the computer to be lowered. Output to the printer is suspended until the printer's raising of its RTS, which would cause CTS seen by the computer to be raised.

If RTSXOFF is set, the Request To Send (RTS) circuit (line) will be raised, and if the asynchronous port needs to have its input stopped, it will lower the Request To Send (RTS) line. If the RTS line is lowered, it is assumed that the connected device will stop its output until RTS is raised.

If CTSXON is set, output will occur only if the Clear To Send (CTS) circuit (line) is raised by the connected device. If the CTS line is lowered by the connected device, output is suspended until CTS is raised.

If DTRXOFF is set, the DTE Ready (DTR) circuit (line) will be raised, and if the asynchronous port needs to have its input stopped, it will lower the DTE Ready (DTR) line. If the DTR line is lowered, it is assumed that the connected device will stop its output until DTR is raised.

If CDXON is set, output will occur only if the Received Line Signal Detector (CD) circuit (line) is raised by the connected device. If the CD line is lowered by the connected device, output is suspended until CD is raised.

If ISXOFF is set, and if the isochronous port needs to have its input stopped, it will stop the outgoing clock signal. It is assumed that the connected device is using this clock signal to create its output. Transit and receive clock sources are programmed using the x_cflag fields. If the port is not programmed for external clock generation, ISXOFF is ignored. Output isochronous flow control is supported by appropriate clock source programming using the x_cflag field and enabled at the remote connected device.

The x_cflag field specifies the system treatment of clock modes.

XMTCLK 0000007 Transmit clock source:
XCIBRG 0000000 Get transmit clock from internal baud rate generator.
XCTSET 0000001 Get transmit clock from transmitter signal element timing (DCE source) lead, CCITT V.24 circuit 114, EIA-232-D pin 15.
XCRSET 0000002 Get transmit clock from receiver signal element timing (DCE source) lead, CCITT V.24 circuit 115, EIA-232-D pin 17.
RCVCLK 0000070 Receive clock source:
RCIBRG 0000000 Get receive clock from internal baud rate generator.
RCTSET 0000010 Get receive clock from transmitter signal element timing (DCE source) lead, CCITT V.24 circuit 114, EIA-232-D pin 15.
RCRSET 0000020 Get receive clock from receiver signal element timing (DCE source) lead, CCITT V.24 circuit 115, EIA-232-D pin 17.
TSETCLK 0000700 Transmitter signal element timing (DTE source) lead, CCITT V.24 circuit 113, EIA-232-D pin 24, clock source:
TSETCOFF 0000000 TSET clock not provided.
TSETCRBRG 0000100 Output receive baud rate generator on circuit 113.
TSETCTBRG 0000200 Output transmit baud rate generator on circuit 113.
TSETCTSET 0000300 Output transmitter signal element timing (DCE source) on circuit 113.
TSETCRSET 0000400 Output receiver signal element timing (DCE source) on circuit 113.
RSETCLK 0007000 Receiver signal element timing (DTE source) lead, CCITT V.24 circuit 128, no EIA-232-D pin, clock source:
RSETCOFF 0000000 RSET clock not provided.
RSETCRBRG 0001000 Output receive baud rate generator on circuit 128.
RSETCTBRG 0002000 Output transmit baud rate generator on circuit 128.
RSETCTSET 0003000 Output transmitter signal element timing (DCE source) on circuit 128.
RSETCRSET 0004000 Output receiver signal element timing (DCE) on circuit 128. 

 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |XMTCLK    | 0000007 | Transmit clock source:   |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |XCIBRG    | 0000000 | Get transmit clock from  |
 |          |         | internal baud rate       |
 |          |         | generator.               |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |XCTSET    | 0000001 | Get transmit clock from  |
 |          |         | transmitter signal       |
 |          |         | element timing (DCE      |
 |          |         | source) lead, CCITT V.24 |
 |          |         | circuit 114, EIA-232-D   |
 |          |         | pin 15.                  |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |XCRSET    | 0000002 | Get transmit clock from  |
 |          |         | receiver signal element  |
 |          |         | timing (DCE source)      |
 |          |         | lead, CCITT V.24 circuit |
 |          |         | 115, EIA-232-D pin 17.   |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RCVCLK    | 0000070 | Receive clock source:    |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RCIBRG    | 0000000 | Get receive clock from   |
 |          |         | internal baud rate       |
 |          |         | generator.               |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RCTSET    | 0000010 | Get receive clock from   |
 |          |         | transmitter signal       |
 |          |         | element timing (DCE      |
 |          |         | source) lead, CCITT V.24 |
 |          |         | circuit 114, EIA-232-D   |
 |          |         | pin 15.                  |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RCRSET    | 0000020 | Get receive clock from   |
 |          |         | receiver signal element  |
 |          |         | timing (DCE source)      |
 |          |         | lead, CCITT V.24 circuit |
 |          |         | 115, EIA-232-D pin 17.   |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |TSETCLK   | 0000700 | Transmitter signal       |
 |          |         | element timing (DTE      |
 |          |         | source) lead, CCITT V.24 |
 |          |         | circuit 113, EIA-232-D   |
 |          |         | pin 24, clock source:    |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |TSETCOFF  | 0000000 | TSET clock not provided. |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |TSETCRBRG | 0000100 | Output receive baud rate |
 |          |         | generator on circuit     |
 |          |         | 113.                     |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |TSETCTBRG | 0000200 | Output transmit baud     |
 |          |         | rate generator on        |
 |          |         | circuit 113.             |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |TSETCTSET | 0000300 | Output transmitter       |
 |          |         | signal element timing    |
 |          |         | (DCE source) on circuit  |
 |          |         | 113.                     |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |TSETCRSET | 0000400 | Output receiver signal   |
 |          |         | element timing (DCE      |
 |          |         | source) on circuit 113.  |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RSETCLK   | 0007000 | Receiver signal element  |
 |          |         | timing (DTE source)      |
 |          |         | lead, CCITT V.24 circuit |
 |          |         | 128, no EIA-232-D pin,   |
 |          |         | clock source:            |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RSETCOFF  | 0000000 | RSET clock not provided. |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RSETCRBRG | 0001000 | Output receive baud rate |
 |          |         | generator on circuit     |
 |          |         | 128.                     |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RSETCTBRG | 0002000 | Output transmit baud     |
 |          |         | rate generator on        |
 |          |         | circuit 128.             |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RSETCTSET | 0003000 | Output transmitter       |
 |          |         | signal element timing    |
 |          |         | (DCE source) on circuit  |
 |          |         | 128.                     |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
 |RSETCRSET | 0004000 | Output receiver signal   |
 |          |         | element timing (DCE) on  |
 |          |         | circuit 128.             |
 +----------+---------+--------------------------+
If the XMTCLK field has a value of XCIBRG the transmit clock is taken from the hardware internal baud rate generator, as in normal asynchronous transmission. If XMTCLK = XCTSET the transmit clock is taken from the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DCE source) circuit. If XMTCLK = XCRSET the transmit clock is taken from the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DCE source) circuit.

If the RCVCLK field has a value of RCIBRG the receive clock is taken from the hardware Internal Baud Rate Generator, as in normal asynchronous transmission. If RCVCLK = RCTSET the receive clock is taken from the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DCE source) circuit. If RCVCLK = RCRSET the receive clock is taken from the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DCE source) circuit.

If the TSETCLK field has a value of TSETCOFF the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is not driven. If TSETCLK = TSETCRBRG the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Receive Baud Rate Generator. If TSETCLK = TSETCTBRG the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Transmit Baud Rate Generator. If TSETCLK = TSETCTSET the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DCE source). If TSETCLK = TSETCRBRG the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DCE source).

If the RSETCLK field has a value of RSETCOFF the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is not driven. If RSETCLK = RSETCRBRG the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Receive Baud Rate Generator. If RSETCLK = RSETCTBRG the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Transmit Baud Rate Generator. If RSETCLK = RSETCTSET the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DCE source). If RSETCLK = RSETCRBRG the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DTE source) circuit is driven by the Receiver Signal Element Timing (DCE source).

The x_rflag is reserved for future interface definitions and should not be used by any implementations. The x_sflag may be used by local implementations wishing to customize their terminal interface using the termiox(7) ioctl system calls.

ioctls

The ioctl(2) system calls have the form: 
   ioctl (int fildes, int command, struct termiox *arg);
The commands using this form are:

TCGETX
The argument is a pointer to a termiox structure. The current terminal parameters are fetched and stored into that structure.

TCSETX
The argument is a pointer to a termiox structure. The current terminal parameters are set from the values stored in that structure. The change is immediate.

TCSETXW
The argument is a pointer to a termiox structure. The current terminal parameters are set from the values stored in that structure. The change occurs after all characters queued for output have been transmitted. This form should be used when changing parameters that will affect output.

TCSETXF
The argument is a pointer to a termiox structure. The current terminal parameters are set from the values stored in that structure. The change occurs after all characters queued for output have been transmitted; all characters queued for input are discarded and then the change occurs.

Files

/dev/*

References

ioctl(2), stty(1), termio(7)
© 2004 The SCO Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
UnixWare 7 Release 7.1.4 - 25 April 2004